However, the relationship between BC and obesity is complex, as both are influenced by age, menopause, and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. The risk of developing cancer increases 1.6 times with a high body mass index (BMI) and the presence of visceral adiposity. Types of fat include visceral central and peripheral subcutaneous. Obesity is the excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, with a positive energy imbalance and weight gain. Some of these risk factors are related to insulin resistance and obesity. Smoking, fat-rich diet, high estrogen levels, obesity, alcohol consumption, hormone therapy, advanced maternal age, and late menopause are some of the known breast cancer risk factors. Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent neoplasm among the general population worldwide, only surpassed by lung cancer however, it is the first cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in women.
